Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (TTS)

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome is a condition affecting the foot. It causes pain in the ankle, foot, and heel. Below, we describe the causes, symptoms, and treatment of this injury. Read on to learn more:

What is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

Tarsal tunnel syndrome causes compression of the foot nerve. This leads to symptoms in your toes, feet, or heel. The pain is mainly concentrated on the inside of the ankle and the bottom of the foot. This syndrome is common among people who run frequently or engage in sports that involve a lot of jumping.

What causes Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

Tarsal tunnel syndrome has several causes. It is often triggered by swelling that continuously puts pressure on the nerve. Previous injuries such as a sprain or twist are also common causes. Additionally, an abnormal foot position increases the risk of developing tarsal tunnel syndrome. This includes flat feet or feet that roll inward.

There are also several other factors that significantly increase the risk of the syndrome. These include wearing poor footwear. Overuse from sports also raises the risk of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Conditions like arthritis and diabetes can further increase the likelihood of developing the syndrome.

What are the symptoms?

Several symptoms may occur with tarsal tunnel syndrome. We’ve listed them for you below:

• Pain on the inside of the ankle
• Tingling, burning, and numbness on the inside of the ankle
• Pain radiating to the bottom of the foot, toes, and heel
• Symptoms worsen when standing for long periods, running, or walking
• Symptoms subside with rest but may flare up at night
• Wearing tight shoes worsens the symptoms
• Cramping can occur on the inside of the ankle
• In some cases, radiating pain may be felt on the inside of the calf

How is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome diagnosed?

The diagnosis is made through a physical examination. Additional testing can be done using a nerve conduction study. This determines whether the nerve can still transmit signals. The cause of the compression can be identified with an MRI scan.

What treatments are available?

There are several treatments available for tarsal tunnel syndrome. The type of treatment depends on the cause of the nerve compression. Treatments may include physical therapy, medication, and supportive aids such as a brace or splint.

Depending on the type of swelling, various surgical procedures may also be considered. We’ve listed a few below:

• Sometimes, the calf muscle extends too far and can be reduced through keyhole surgery.
• Tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by severe flatfoot can be improved with surgery to realign the foot.
• If a benign growth is found in the tarsal tunnel, it can be surgically removed.
• A worn joint in the rear foot can be stabilized through surgery.

Wearing an ankle brace and insoles can provide your feet with the right support.